Influence of type of movement termination and sport practice on muscle activity during elbow extension movements. (Efecto del tipo de finalización del movimiento y práctica deportiva sobre la actividad muscular en el movimiento de extensión del codo).

Resumen

Abstract

Twenty participants were tested on rapid elbow extension movements. This experiment examined the effects of the type of termination (pointing vs. impact movements) and sport practice (karate vs. volleyball) on temporary specific electromyographic (EMG) and kinematic measures during elbow extension movements. EMG was recorded from triceps (main agonist) and biceps (main antagonist). The analysis of variance on the type of movement showed differences on the time from onset of EMG activation to peak EMG in agonist and antagonist when these variables are normalized to a proportion of total movement time. Also, correlation analysis showed strong correlations between the kinematic variables and the time from onset of EMG antagonist to peak EMG. This variable is the only EMG variable that presented differences in the analysis between sport groups. The results allow us to conclude that the delay in the biceps action expressed in the time from onset EMG activation to peak EMG normalized to a proportion of total movement time is an indicator of the performance level in fast movements.

Key-Words/Palabras clave: electromyography | elbow joint | volleyball | karate | impact movement | pointing movement | electromiografía | articulación de codo | voleibol | kárate | movimiento de impacto | movimiento de marcaje

Resumen

Veinte sujetos fueron evaluados durante la realización de rápidos movimientos de extensión del codo. En este trabajo se analizan los efectos que el tipo de finalización del movimiento (marcaje vs. golpeo) y el tipo de práctica deportiva (voleibol vs. kárate) tienen sobre variables específicas temporales de electromiografía cinemáticas y de electromiografía (EMG) Se registró la actividad EMG del tríceps (principal músculo agonista) y del bíceps (principal músculo antagonista). El análisis de la varianza acerca del tipo de movimiento mostró diferencias respecto al tiempo de comienzo de la activación EMG hasta el pico de actividad EMG del agonista y antagonista cuando esas variables eran normalizadas con respecto al tiempo total de movimiento. Además, el análisis de correlación realizado mostró correlaciones significativas entre las variables cinemáticas y el tiempo desde el comienzo de la actividad EMG del antagonista hasta su pico de actividad. Esta variable es la única considerada acerca de la actividad EMG que muestra diferencias en el análisis entre grupos. Los resultados nos han permitido concluir que el retraso en la acción del bíceps, expresado en el tiempo desde el comienzo de la activación EMG hasta su pico normalizado respecto al tiempo de movimiento, es un indicador del nivel de ejecución en un movimiento balístico como el utilizado en este estudio.

doi:10.5232/ricyde2008.01205

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