El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto agudo de la técnica de estiramiento active isolated stretching  (AIS) y el efecto del reposo en sedestación sobre la altura de salto registrada mediante el test Squat Jump (SJ) y Counter Movement Jump (CMJ). Un total de 22 varones con un rango de edad entre 21 y 24 años (edad 22,9 ± 2,03 años; masa corporal 69,7 ± 5,60 kg; altura 173,6 ± 7,37cm) completaron el estudio. Se utilizó un diseño intragrupo pretest-postest con dos situaciones experimentales (estiramiento y reposo en sedestación). A los sujetos del grupo de estiramiento se les evaluó la altura de salto en SJ y CMJ antes e inmediatamente después de aplicar el AIS (15 s después) en el cuádriceps femoral y tríceps sural en una única sesión de entrenamiento. Se realizaron 4 series de 12 repeticiones alternando la extremidad inferior izquierda y derecha con el siguiente orden: tríceps sural derecho, tríceps sural izquierdo, cuádriceps femoral derecho y cuádriceps femoral izquierdo. El tiempo de estiramiento total de cada grupo muscular fue de 96 s, con un tiempo total de trabajo de aproximadamente 15 min. A los sujetos del grupo de reposo se les evaluó la altura de salto en SJ y CMJ antes e inmediatamente después de un reposo en sedestación de 15 min. Tras la aplicación de AIS, los resultados mostraron pérdidas agudas de altura de salto de 2,14 cm (-7,13%) en SJ y de 2,65 cm (-7,22%) en CMJ. Después del reposo, las pérdidas producidas en la altura registrada fueron de 1,90 cm (-6,41%) en SJ y de 2,38 cm (-6,46%) en CMJ. Por tanto, la utilización de un protocolo de estiramientos utilizando la técnica del AIS o de un periodo de reposo en sedestación influye de forma negativa en la capacidad de salto.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effect of stretching technique Active Isolated Stretching (AIS) and repose sitting with the lower extremities raised of rest over on the high jump in Squat Jump (SJ) and Countermovement Jump (CMJ). Twenty two males aged between 21 and 24 years (age = 22.9±2.03 years; body mass = 69.7±5.60 kg; height = 173.6±7.37cm) who volunteered to participate in the study. An intragroup pre- post-test design with two experimental situations (stretching and resting) was used. The height of the SJ and CMJ jumps of the stretching group was measured before and 15 s after only one session of AIS on the femoral quadriceps and triceps surae. The treatment consisted of 4 sets of 12 repetitions with each leg alternating following this cycle: right triceps surae, left triceps surae, right femoral quadriceps and left femoral quadriceps. The total stretching time of each muscular group was 96 seconds with a total working time of 15 minutes. The height of SJ and CMJ jumps of the resting group was measured before and immediately after a 15-minute sitting at rest with the lower extremities raised. The results showed an acute loss of 2.14 cm (-7.13%) in SJ and 2.65 cm (-7.22%) in CMJ after the application of AIS in the stretching group, as well as in the resting group being 1.90 cm (-6.41%) in SJ and 2.38 cm (-6.46%) in CMJ. Therefore, the stretching protocol using the AIS technique and or a period of repose both influenced negatively in the jumping capacity.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2015.04102

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