Abstract

This study aimed to compare physical and physiological demands in youth basketball players according to gender, playing positions, and match outcomes. 64 players (32 female and 32 male) from eight youth sub-elite basketball teams were monitored using an Ultra-Wide Band system and inertial measurement unit in three consecutive matches. The results showed some significant differences, although with magnitudes qualified as small. When the teams won, the guards covered a greater distance at 0-6 km/h than when they lost. When teams lost, the centers covered more distance at 12-18 km/h and 18-21 km/h. The winning female teams presented a lower maximal heart rate (HRmax) compared to the losing teams. The forwards of the winning teams performed greater efforts at 70-80% HRmax, while the forwards of losing teams performed more efforts at 90-95% HRmax. The greatest number of accelerations and decelerations were performed by the female guards and the male forwards. The number of jumps was higher in the male guards and forwards than in the female ones. HRmax was higher in the forwards of the female teams. Efforts at 80%-90% HRmax were higher in male centers. When the female teams won, they had a lower HRmax than when they lost. When efforts exceed 90% of HRmax the teams lost. In conclusion, despite the differences found, the effect of these contextual variables on physical and physiological demands is unclear. Nevertheless, knowing the game's requirements can help the design of training that enhances the performance of youth basketball players.

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las demandas físicas y fisiológicas en jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto según sexo, posiciones de juego y el resultado de partido. 64 jugadores (32 mujeres y 32 hombres), de ocho equipos juveniles de baloncesto sub-élite, fueron monitoreados utilizando un sistema de Ultra Banda-Ancha y unidades de medición inercial en tres juegos consecutivos. Los resultados evidenciaron algunas diferencias significativas, aunque con magnitudes calificadas como pequeñas. Cuando los equipos ganaban, los bases recorrieron mayor distancia a 0-6 km/h en comparación a cuando perdían. Cuando se perdía, los pivots recorrieron más distancia a 12-18 y 18-21 km/h. Las jugadoras de los equipos ganadores alcanzaron una frecuencia cardiaca máxima (FCmáx) más baja respecto a los equipos perdedores. Los aleros de los equipos ganadores realizaron más esfuerzos a 70-80% FCmáx, mientras que, en los equipos perdedores, los bases realizaron más esfuerzos a 90-95% FCmáx. La mayor cantidad de aceleraciones y desaceleraciones fueron realizada por las bases femeninas y los aleros masculinos. El número de saltos fue mayor en los distribuidores y aleros masculinos que en los femeninos. La FCmáx fue más alta en los aleros de los equipos femeninos. Los esfuerzos a 80%-90% FCmáx fueron mayores en los pivots masculinos. Cuando los equipos femeninos ganaban, presentaban una FCmáx menor que cuando perdían. Los esfuerzos ≥90% FCmáx fueron superiores en mujeres que hombres cuando sus equipos perdían. En conclusión, a pesar de las diferencias encontradas, no queda claro el efecto de estas variables contextuales sobre las demandas físicas y fisiológicas. No obstante, conocer estas exigencias del juego pueden ayudar al diseño de entrenamientos que potencialicen el rendimiento de jugadores jóvenes de baloncesto.

https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2022.06702

References/referencias

Abdelkrim, N. B.; Castagna, C.; Jabri, I.; Battikh, T.; El Fazaa, S., & Ati, J. E. (2010). Activity Profile and Physiological Requiremalets of Junior Elite Basketball Players in Relation to Aerobic-Anaerobic Fitness. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2330-2342.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e381c1

Abdelkrim, N. B.; Fazaa, S. E., & Ati, J. E. (2007). Time–motion analysis and physiological data of elite under‐19‐year‐old basketball players during competition. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 69-75.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.032318

Castillo, D.; Raya-González, J.; Clemente, F. M.; Conte, D., & Rodríguez-Fernández, A. (2021). The effects of defensive style and final game outcome on the external training load of professional basketball players. Biology of Sport, 38(1), 483-490.
https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2021.101124

Choi, D.-H.; Kim, S.-M.; Lee, J.-W.; Suh, S.-H., & So, W.-Y. (2015). Winning Factors: How Players' Positional Offensive and Defensive Skills Affect Probability of Victory in the Korea Basketball League. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 10(2-3), 453-459.
https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.2-3.453

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd Edn). Erlbaum.

Conte, D.; Favero, T. G.; Lupo, C.; Francioni, F. M.; Capranica, L., & Tessitore, A. (2015). Time-motion analysis of Italian elite female basketball games: Individual and team analyses. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(1), 144-150.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000633

Conte, D., & Lukonaitiene, I. (2018). Scoring Strategies Differentiating between Winning and Losing Teams during FIBA EuroBasket Female 2017. Sports, 6(50), 1-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports6020050

Delextrat, A.; Badiella, A.; Saavedra, V.; Matthew, D.; Schelling, X., & Torres-Ronda, L. (2015). Match activity demands of elite Spanish female basketball players by playing position. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(2), 687-703.
https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2015.11868824

Fox, J. L.; Stanton, R.; Sargent, C.; O’Grady, C., & Scanlan, A. T. (2019). The impact of contextual factors on game demands in starting, semiprofessional, male basketball players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(4), 450-456.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0203

García, F.; Vázquez-Guerrero, J.; Castellano, J.; Casals, M., & Schelling, X. (2020). Differences in Physical Demands between Game Quarters and Playing Positions on Professional Basketball Players during Official Competition. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 19(2), 256-263.

Gómez Carmona, C. D.; Bastida-Castillo, A.; García-Rubio, J.; Pino-Ortega, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2019). Influencia del resultado en las demandas de carga externa en baloncesto masculino de formación durante la competición official. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 19(1), 262-274.

Hůlka, K.; Cuberek, R., & Bělka, J. (2013). Heart rate and time-motion analyses in top junior players during basketball matches. Acta Gymnica, 43(3), 27-35.
https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2013.015

Ibáñez, S. J.; García, J.; Feu, S.; Lorenzo, A., & Sampaio, J. (2009). Effects of Consecutive Basketball Games on the Game-Related Statistics that Discriminate Winner and Losing Teams. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 8(3), 458-462.

Leite, N. M.; Leser, R.; Gonçalves, B.; Calleja-Gonzalez, J.; Baca, A., & Sampaio, J. (2014). Effect of Defensive Pressure on Movement Behaviour During an Under-18 Basketball Game. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(09), 743-748.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1363237

Lorenzo, A.; Gómez, M. Á.; Ortega, E.; Ibáñez, S. J., & Sampaio, J. (2010). Game Related Statistics Which Discriminate Between Winning and Losing Under-16 Male Basketball Games. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(4), 664-668.

Matthew, D., & Delextrat, A. (2009). Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and time–motion analysis of female basketball players during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(8), 813-821.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410902926420

Montgomery, P. G.; Pyne, D. B., & Minahan, C. L. (2010). The physical and physiological demands of basketball training and competition. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(1), 75-86.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.1.75

Narazaki, K.; Berg, K.; Stergiou, N., & Chen, B. (2009). Physiological demands of competitive basketball. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 19(3), 425-432.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00789.x

Pino-Ortega, J.; Rojas-Valverde, D.; Gómez-Carmona, C. D.; Bastida-Castillo, A.; Hernández-Belmonte, A.; García-Rubio, J.; Nakamura, F. Y., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2019). Impact of Contextual Factors on External Load During a Congested-Fixture Tournamalet in Elite U’18 Basketball Players. Frontiers in Psychology, 10.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01100

Puente, C.; Abián-Vicén, J.; Areces, F.; López, R., & Del Coso, J. (2017). Physical and Physiological Demands of Experienced Male Basketball Players During a Competitive Game. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(4), 956-962.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001577

Ransdell, L.; Murray, T.; Gao, Y.; Jones, P., & Bycura, D. (2020). A 4-year profile of game demands in elite women's division I college basketball. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(3), 632-638.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003425

Reina, M.; García-Rubio, J.; Feu, S., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2019). Training and Competition Load Monitoring and Analysis of Female Amateur Basketball by Playing Position: Approach Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02689

Reina, M.; García-Rubio, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2020). Activity Demands and Speed Profile of Young Female Basketball Players Using Ultra-Wide Band Technology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1477.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051477

Reina, M.; García-Rubio, J.; Pino-Ortega, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2019). The Acceleration and Deceleration Profiles of U-18 Female Basketball Players during Competitive Matches. Sports, 7(165), 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7070165

Sampaio, J.; Gonçalves, B.; Rentero, L.; Abrantes, C., & Leite, N. (2014). Exploring how basketball players' tactical performances can be affected by activity workload. Science & Sports, 29(4), e23-e30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2013.05.004

Sampaio, J.; Ibanez, S.; Gomez, M.; Lorenzo, A., & Ortega, E. (2008). Game location influences basketball players' performance across playing positions. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39(3), 205-216.

Scanlan, A.; Dascombe, B., & Reaburn, P. (2011). A comparison of the activity demands of elite and sub-elite Australian male's basketball competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(11), 1153-1160.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.582509

Scanlan, A. T.; Dascombe, B. J.; Kidcaff, A. P.; Peucker, J. L., & Dalbo, V. J. (2015). Gender-Specific Activity Demands Experienced During Semiprofessional Basketball Game Play. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(5), 618-625.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0407

Scanlan, A. T.; Fox, J. L.; Borges, N. R.; Tucker, P. S., & Dalbo, V. J. (2018). Temporal changes in physiological and performance responses across game-specific simulated basketball activity. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 7(2), 176-182.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.05.002

Simovic, S.; Komic, J.; Matkovic, B.; Pajic, Z., & Guzina, B. (2019). Analysis of Influence of Basketball Game-Related Statistics on Final Result Based on Differences at the 2017 FIBA Asia Cup. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 10(1), e69109.
https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.69109

Stojanović, E.; Stojiljković, N.; Scanlan, A. T.; Dalbo, V. J.; Berkelmans, D. M., & Milanović, Z. (2018). The Activity Demands and Physiological Responses Encountered During Basketball Match-Play: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 111-135.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0794-z

Svilar, L.; Castellano, J.; Jukic, I., & Casamichana, D. (2018). Positional Differences in Elite Basketball: Selecting Appropriate Training-Load Measures. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(7), 947-952.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0534

Torres-Ronda, L.; Ric, A.; Llabres-Torres, I.; de las Heras, B., & Schelling i del Alcazar, X. (2016). Position-Dependent Cardiovascular Response and Time-Motion Analysis During Training Drills and Friendly Matches in Elite Male Basketball Players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(1), 60-70.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001043

Trninić, S.; Karalejić, M.; Jakovljević, S., & Jelaska, I. (2010). Structural analysis of knowledge based on principal attributes of the game of basketball. Physical Culture, 64(1), 5-25.

Vázquez-Guerrero, J.; Fernández-Valdés, B,; Jones, B,; Moras, G,; Reche X., & Sampaio J. (2019). Changes in physical demands between game quarters of U18 elite official basketball games. PLoS ONE 14(9), e0221818.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221818

Vencúrik, T.; Nykodým, J., & Struhár, I. (2015). Heart rate response to game load of U19 female basketball players. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 10(Proc1), S410-S417.
https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2015.10.Proc1.33

Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2009). Physical Attributes, Physiological Characteristics, On-Court Performances and Nutritional Strategies of Female and Male Basketball Players. Sports Medicine, 39(7), 547-568.