Cambios en la condición física de árbitros de fútbol: un estudio longitudinal. [Changes in the physical fitness of soccer referees: a longitudinal study].

Javier Yanci-Irigoyen

Resumen


El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la evolución en la condición física de árbitros de fútbol medida a través de la capacidad cardiovascular, la capacidad de salto vertical y la capacidad de aceleración durante tres temporadas distintas. El estudio longitudinal se realizó durante las temporadas 2008-2009, 2009-2010 y 2010-2011. La muestra final seleccionada para participar en este estudio fue de 16 árbitros (edad = 28,37 ± 5,3 años, estatura = 1,77 ± 0,23 m, masa = 74,48 ± 8,18 kg, grasa corporal = 13,37 ± 3,72%) pertenecientes a distintas categorías del fútbol español. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el consumo máximo de oxígeno estimado (VO2maxE) ni en el tiempo de agotamiento (TAGOT) en el test de resistencia a lo largo de las tres temporadas en los árbitros de fútbol. Sin embargo, la capacidad de aceleración tanto en 5 m como en 15 m empeoró significativamente (p < 0,01, TE > 0,8) a lo largo de las distintas temporadas. De la misma forma, la capacidad del ciclo estiramiento-acortamiento muscular de las extremidades inferiores mostró una tendencia a empeorar (TE = 0,53-0,76) con el paso del tiempo. La perdida de rendimiento en la capacidad de aceleración y en la capacidad del ciclo estiramiento-acortamiento muscular de las extremidades inferiores nos puede llevar a pensar en la necesidad de implementar programas específicos para su mejora en árbitros de fútbol.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the evolution of the physical fitness of soccer referees measured by cardiovascular capacity, vertical jumping ability and acceleration capacity for three different seasons. The longitudinal study was conducted over the 2008-2009, 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 seasons. The final sample selected to participate in this study was 16 referees (age = 28.37 ± 5.3 years, height = 1.77 ± 0.23 m, mass = 74.48 ± 8.18 kg, body fat = 13.37 ± 3.72%) belonging to different categories of Spanish soccer league. No significant differences in the estimated VO2max or time to exhaustion (TAGOT) in the endurance test over the three seasons were found in soccer referee. However, the ability to accelerate both 5 m and 15 m significantly worse (p < 0.01, ES > 0.8) along the different seasons. Likewise, the ability of the muscle stretch-shortening cycle of the lower extremities showed a worsening trend over time (ES = 0.53 to 0.76). The loss of performance acceleration capacity and muscle stretch-shortening cycle of the lower extremities capacity can lead us to think about the need to implement specific training programs for improving soccer referees.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2014.03804

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Palabras clave/key words


aceleración; sprint; salto vertical; resistencia; rendimiento; acceleration; sprint; vertical jump; endurance; performance.

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RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte
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Publisher: Ramón Cantó Alcaraz
ISSN:1885-3137 - Periodicidad Trimestral / Quarterly
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