Information regarding the influence of physical activity and fat mass in the human trunk on respiratory health is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of body composition and physical activity in forced expiratory volumes in children. The sample comprised 87 children between 8 and 13 years of age (9.62 ± 1.25), at Tanner stages I-III, participated in this study. Sixty played sports (trained children, TC) and 27 were assigned to the sedentary children control group (SC). Body composition (DXA), anthropometric variables (weight and height), and forced expiratory volumes (FEV1 and FVC) were determined in all subjects. Results showed that higher FEV1 and FVC values were found in the SC group compared to the TC group. Multiple regression analysis showed that physical activity, total fat mass, and android fat mass, had the highest predictive value for FVE1 as did height for the FVC. In SC group there was a positive association between FEV1/FVC ratio and Body Mass Index and trunk fat mass. We did not find any associations between forced respiratory volumes and the whole body and trunk region fat mass in trained and sedentary children.

Resumen

La información sobre los diferentes efectos de la actividad física y la masa grasa del tronco en la salud respiratoria es escasa. El objetivo fue evaluar la influencia de las variables de composición corporal y la práctica de actividad física en los volúmenes espirométricos forzados en edad infantil. 87 niños entre los 8 y 13 años (9,62 ± 1,25) (Tanner  I-III) participaron en el estudio. 60 practicaban diferentes deportes (niños entrenados, TC) y 27 niños sedentarios fueron asignados al grupo control (SC). Se llevó a cabo la evaluación en todos los participantes de la composición corporal a través de DEXA, variables antropométricas (peso y altura) y volúmenes espirométricos forzados (FEV1 and FVC). Los resultados mostraron que el grupo SC tenía unos volúmenes FEV1 y FVC superiores respecto al grupo TC. El análisis de regresión múltiple indica que la actividad física, la masa grasa total y el porcentaje de grasa del segmento androide son las variables con mayor valor predictivo para los volúmenes de FEV1, mientras que la altura lo es para la FVC. En el grupo SC se observó una relación positiva entre el índice de masa corporal, la masa grasa en tronco y el ratio FEV1/FVC. No se encontró ninguna relación entre los volúmenes respiratorios forzados y la cantidad de masa grasa en el tronco y en el cuerpo entero en el grupo de niños sedentarios ni en los que realizaban actividad física.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2015.04203

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

References/referencias

Astudillo, C. (2010). Asthma and exercise in pediatrics. Medwave, 10(3). Retrieved 10/02/2012, from:
http://www.medwave.cl/link.cgi/Medwave/Reuniones/4446

Bafadhel, M.; Singapuri, A.; Terry, S.; Hargadon, B.; Monteiro, W.; Green, R. H.; Brandding, P.H.; Wardlaw, A:J.; Pavord, I.D., & Brightling, C.E. (2010). Body mass and fat mass in refractory asthma: an observational 1 year follow-up study. Journal of allergy. 1-9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/251758

Bottai, M.; Pistelli, F.; Di Pede, F.; Carrozzi, L.; Baldacci, S.; Matteelli, G. .; Scognamiglio, A., & Viegi, G. (2002). Longitudinal changes of body mass index, spirometry and diffusion in a general population. European respiratory journal, 20(3), 665-673.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.02.01282001

Boulet, L.P. (2011). Obesity and asthma. Clinical & experimental allergy, 43, 8–21.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04040.x

Carlsen, K. H.; Anderson, S. D.; Bjermer, L.; Bonini, S.; Brusasco, V.; Canonica, W., et al. (2008). Exercise‐induced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in elite athletes: epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis: Part I of the report from the Joint Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA2LEN. Allergy, 63(4), 387-403.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01662.x

Chen, Y.; Rennie, D.; Cormier, Y. F., & Dosman, J. (2007). Waist circumference is associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 85(1), 35-39.

Cheng, Y. J.; Macera, C. A.; Addy, C. L.; Sy, F. S.; Wieland, D., & Blair, S. N. (2003). Effects of physical activity on exercise tests and respiratory function. British journal of sports medicine, 37(6), 521-528.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410802123177

Denguezli, M.; Ben Chiekh, I.; Ben Saad, H.; Zaouali-Ajina, M.; Tabka, Z., & Zbidi, A. (2008). One-year endurance training: effects on lung function and airway inflammation. Journal of sports sciences, 26(12), 1351-1359.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410802123177

Duke, P. M.; Litt, I. F., & Gross, R. T. (1980). Adolescents' self-assessment of sexual maturation. Pediatrics, 66(6), 918-920.

Fernández-Luna, Á.; Gallardo, L.; Plaza-Carmona, M.; García-Unanue, J.; Sánchez-Sánchez, J.; Felipe, J. L .; Burillo, P., & Ara, I.  (2013). Respiratory function and changes in lung epithelium biomarkers after a short-training intervention in chlorinated vs. ozone indoor pools. PloS one, 8(7). e68447.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068447

Figueroa-Munoz, J. I.; Chinn, S., & Rona, R. J. (2001). Association between obesity and asthma in 4–11 year old children in the UK. Thorax, 56(2), 133-137.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.2.133

Ford, E. S.; Mannino, D. M.; Redd, S. C.; Mokdad, A. H., & Mott, J. A. (2004). Body mass index and asthma incidence among USA adults. European respiratory journal, 24(5), 740-744.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.04.00088003

Gibson, G. J. (2000). Obesity, respiratory function and breathlessness. Thorax, 55 (suppl 1), S41-S44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.55.suppl_1.s41

Huovinen, E.; Kaprio, J., & Koskenvuo, M. (2003). Factors associated to lifestyle and risk of adult onset asthma. Respiratory medicine, 97(3), 273-280.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/rmed.2003.1419

Karlsson, M. K.; Nordqvist, A., & Karlsson, C. (2008). Physical activity increases bone mass during growth. Food & nutrition research, 52, 2-10.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v52i0.1871

Lazarus, R.; Gore, C. J.; Booth, M., & Owen, N. (1998). Effects of body composition and fat distribution on ventilatory function in adults. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 68(1), 35-41.

Luder, E.; Ehrlich, R. I.; Lou, W. Y. W.; Melnik, T. A., & Kattan, M. (2004). Body mass index and the risk of asthma in adults. Respiratory medicine, 98(1), 29-37.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2003.08.004

Mannino, D. M.; Gagnon, R. C.; Petty, T. L., & Lydick, E. (2000). Obstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Archives of internal medicine, 160(11), 1683-1689.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.11.1683

McNamara, R. J.; Alison, J. A., & McKeough, Z. J. (2011). Water-based exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physical therapy reviews, 16(1), 25-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743288X10Y.0000000024

Miller, M. R.; Hankinson, J. A. T. S.; Brusasco, V.; Burgos, F.; Casaburi, R.; Coates, A. ; Crapo, R.; Enright, P.; van der Grinten, C. P. M.; Gustafsson, P.; Jensen, R.; Johnson, D.C.; MacIntyre, N.; McKay, R.; Navajas, D.; Pedersen, O. F.; Pellegrino, R.; Viegi, G., & Wanger, J.   (2005). Standardisation of spirometry. European respiratory journal, 26(2), 319-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00034805

Pellegrino, R.; Viegi, G.; Brusasco, V.; Crapo, R. O.; Burgos, F.; Casaburi, R. E. A. ; Coates, A.; van der Grinten, C. P. M.; Gustafsson, P.; Hankinson, J.; Jensen, R.; Johnson, D.C.; MacIntyre, N.; McKay, R.; Miller, M. R.; Navajas, D.; Pedersen, O. F., & Wanger, J. (2005). Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. European respiratory journal, 26(5), 948-968.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00035205

Plaza-Carmona, M.; Vicente-Rodriguez, G.; Martín-García, M.; Burillo, P.; Felipe, J. L.; Mata, E. ; Casajús, J. L.; Gallardo, L., & Ara, I. (2014). Influence of Hard vs. Soft Ground Surfaces on Bone Accretion in Prepubertal Footballers. International journal of sports medicine, 35(01), 55-61.

Rabe, K. F. (2004). Outcome measures in COPD. Primary care respiratory journal, 13(4), 177-178.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcrj.2004.09.003

Rosenthal, M., Cramer, D., Bain, S. H., Denison, D., Bush, A., & Warner, J. O. (1993). Lung function in white children aged 4 to 19 years: II--Single breath analysis and plethysmography. Thorax, 48(8), 803-808.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.48.8.803

Sutherland, T. J.; Goulding, A.; Grant, A. M.; Cowan, J. O.; Williamson, A.; Williams, S. M., et al. (2008). The effect of adiposity measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on lung function. European respiratory journal, 32(1), 85-91.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00112407

Thomsen, S. F.; Ulrik, C. S.; Kyvik, K. O.; Sørensen, T. I.; Posthuma, D.; Skadhauge, L. R.;  Steffensen, I., & Backer, V. (2007). Association between obesity and asthma in a twin cohort. Allergy, 62(10), 1199-1204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01480.x

Watson, R. A.; Pride, N. B.; Thomas, E. L.; Ind, P. W., & Bell, J. D. (2012). Relation between trunk fat volume and reduction of total lung capacity in obese men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(1), 118-126.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00217.2011

Wattanapenpaiboon, N.; Lukito, W.; Strauss, B. J. G.; Hsu-Hage, B. H. H.; Wahlqvist, M. L., & Stroud, D.B.   (1998). Agreement of skinfold measurement and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in estimating total body fat in Anglo-Celtic Australians. International journal of obesity, 22(9), 854-860.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800672

World Health Organization. (1997). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation presented at: the World Health Organization; June 3-5, 1997; Geneva, Switzerland. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Retrieved 20/10/2011, from:
http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_894/en/