La ausencia del apoyo a la autonomía creado por el docente de Educación Física (EF) puede desencadenar en el alumnado conductas desinteresadas e indisciplinadas. Así, bajo el sustento de la teoría de la autodeterminación el objetivo del estudio fue testar un modelo que relacionaba el apoyo a la autonomía del profesorado de EF con la percepción de satisfacción y frustración de dicha necesidad, así como con la conducta de oposición desafiante del alumnado en las clases de EF. En el estudio participaron 196 alumnos  (M edad = 13.32; DT = 1.38), 95 varones y 101 mujeres, pertenecientes al primer ciclo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, quiénes cumplimentaron los factores de autonomía de los siguientes cuestionarios: Cuestionario de Apoyo a las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (CANPB), la Escala de Medición de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (BPNES) y la Escala de Frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas (EFNP). Además se midió la oposición desafiante con una escala adaptada a la EF. El análisis de los resultados evidenció la importancia del apoyo a la autonomía para satisfacer y evitar la frustración de ésta. De igual modo, la frustración de la autonomía se configura como una variable influyente sobre la oposición desafiante. Estos hallazgos suscitan la necesidad de crear un clima orientado al apoyo a la autonomía en EF, alejado de un estilo más controlador, evitando de este modo la frustración de la autonomía en el aula y previniendo de esta manera las conductas desafiantes del alumnado.

Abstract

The lack of autonomy support created by the Physical Education (PE) teacher can trigger disinterested and undisciplined behaviors in students. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study tested an integrated model that related autonomy supportive teaching with autonomy satisfaction and autonomy frustration, as well as oppositional defiance of PE students. 196 students (age = 13.32, SD = 1.38), 95 men and 101 women, from the first cycle of secondary school, answered the following questionnaires: Questionnaire to assess support of basic psychological needs (Spanish acronym CANPB), Basic Psychological Need Scale (BPNS) and Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS). For these questionnaires, only the items of autonomy factor were measured. Besides Oppositional Defiance was measured using a scale adapted to the PE. The results showed the importance of autonomy supportive teaching to satisfy autonomy and avoid this need frustration. Similarly, autonomy frustration is established as an influential variable on oppositional defiance. These findings raise the need to create an autonomy support climate in PE, away from a control teaching, to avoid autonomy frustration in the classroom and to prevent defiance behaviors of students.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2016.04304

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